What is a Geopark?

UNESCO Global Geoparks are unified geographical areas where sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed according to a holistic concept of protection, education, and sustainable development. Through a “bottom-up” approach that actively involves local communities, geoparks combine the conservation of geological heritage with sustainable local development, creating opportunities for education, tourism, and scientific research.

The Global GeoparksNetwork (GGN) was established in 2004 as an international network that promotes cooperation among geoparks, facilitates the exchange of knowledge and good practices, and supports the development of geotourism. In 2015, UNESCO formally established the designation UNESCO Global Geopark within the framework of the InternationalGeoscience and Geoparks Programme (IGGP).

Every UNESCO Global Geopark must be a member of the Global Geoparks Network and undergo a revalidation process every four years to ensure that the highest standards of management, protection, and community engagement are maintained. As of 2026, there are 229 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 50 countries worldwide.

The Four Pillars of a UNESCO Global Geopark

UNESCO Global Geoparksare guided by four core pillars that connect the protection of geological heritage with education, sustainable development, and community involvement.

Geological Heritage Conservation (Geoconservation)

UNESCO Global Geoparks protect and conserve geological sites and landscapes of international significance. This includes identifying, monitoring, and managing geological sites while ensuring their long-term protection. Conservation is often carried out through cooperation with scientific institutions, local authorities, and legal protection mechanisms.

Education and Research (Geo-education)

Geoparks act asopen-air classrooms where visitors, students, and local communities can learn about geological processes, environmental change, natural hazards, and climate change. They support scientific research and promote public understanding of geosciences through educational programmes, guided tours, and interpretative materials.

Sustainable Local Development (Geotourism)

Geoparks contribute to sustainable local development by using their geological, natural, and cultural heritage as a foundation for geotourism. By promoting responsible tourism, supporting local products and services, and creating employment opportunities, geoparks help strengthen local economies while preserving natural resources.

Culture and Community Involvement (Local Partnerships)

UNESCO Global Geoparks integrate geological heritage with cultural and intangible heritage, creating a strong regional identity. Local communities play a central role in geopark activities, from decision-making and management to tourism and education. This approach strengthens local pride, cultural diversity, and social cohesion.

Through these activities, UNESCO Global Geoparks also contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by promoting environmental protection, education, sustainable economic development, and international cooperation.

‍